Dental Cures

Imagine if a trip to the dentist to treat a cavity didn’t involve a filling, root canal, or crown. What if a simple light treatment could actually get your teeth to regrow themselves using stem cells? That’s the aim of a group of researchers at Harvard’s Wyss Institute, led by David Mooney, who have found success in regrowing rat teeth in this manner. The researchers have developed a technique using a low-power laser to coax stem cells into reforming dentin, which could have implications for dentistry, wound healing, and bone restoration. The results of the study have been published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
Proteins known as growth factors are what cause stem cells to differentiate into whatever type of cell they are bound to become. Introducing different growth factors force the cells to develop the desired type of tissue. Unfortunately, it isn’t quite as simple as it sounds. Most of the developments in using stem cells in regenerative medicine have regrown tissues in vitro and later need to be transplanted into the person. This involves a lot of technical care and is a highly regulated process, which slows down progress. Mooney’s team claims they have come up with a new technique that could streamline the process, making it a viable clinical option much more quickly.
The team set up a miniature dentist office-like setting for the rodents used in the study. They drilled holes into the rats’ molars to simulate tooth decay. Next, adult stem cells were applied to the pulp of the tooth and a non-ionizing, low-level laser was used to stimulate the growth factors. The teeth were then sealed with a temporary cap to be worn over the next 12 weeks. The follow-up x-rays and microscopy analysis showed that the dentin, the layer under the visible enamel, had indeed begun to grow back due to the laser/stem cell therapy.
“Our treatment modality does not introduce anything new to the body, and lasers are routinely used in medicine and dentistry, so the barriers to clinical translation are low,” Mooney said in a press release. “It would be a substantial advance in the field if we can regenerate teeth rather than replace them.”

Read more at http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-use-lasers-regrow-teeth-stem-cells#L11185pMboVIjDPO.99

http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/238/238ra69

LPL identified as the type of laser: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/laser-therapy-prompts-regeneration-teeth

Low power light (LPL) treatment has been widely used in various clinical trials, which has been known to reduce pain and inflammation and to promote wound healing. LPL was also shown to enhance differentiation of stem cells into specific lineages. However, most studies have used high power light in mW order, and there was lack of studies about the effects of very low power light in μW. In this study, we applied 810 nm LPL of 128 μW/cm2 energy density in vitro. Upon this value, continuous wave (CW) irradiation did not induce any significant changes for differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). However, the membrane hyperpolarization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and intracellular oxidative stress were largely enhanced in the pulsed wave (PW) with 30% of duty cycle and 300–3000 Hz frequencies-LPL in which LED driver work in the form of square wave. After 21 days of daily LPL treatment, Western blot revealed the dentinogenesis in this condition in vitro. This study demonstrates that the very low power light at 810 nm enhanced significant differentiation of hDPSCs in the PW mode and there were duty cycle dependency as well as pulsing frequency dependency in the efficiency.
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